- Scintilla Flaccum ad tabernam piscatoriam ducebat. (Flaccus a Scintilla ad tabernam piscatoriam ducebatur.)
- Scintilla 'quanti' inquit 'vendis illos pisces?' piscator respondet: 'hos pisces uno denario vendo' ('quanti venduntur illi pisces?' 'hi pisces uno denario venduntur.')
- Flaccus 'di immortales,' inquit, 'piscator te fraudat, Scintilla.' ('a piscatore fraudaris, Scintilla')
- Scintilla 'tace, Flacce,' inquit. argentum piscatori tradit piscesque accipit. (argentum traditur a Scintilla piscesque accipiuntur.)
verbs
- comparō, comparāre, comparāvī, comparātum
- I acquire, get
- occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātum
- I seize, occupy
- cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum
- I compel
- cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum
- I halt, stand still
- dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīdī, dīvīsum
- I divide
- ēvertō, ēvertere, ēvertī, ēversum
- I overturn
- corripiō, corripere, corripuī, correptum
- I seize, steal
- praeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī, praefectum
- I put x(acc.) in command of y(dat.)
- recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum
- I take back
- mē recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum
- I take myself back, retreat
- praesum, praeesse, praefui
- I am in command of
adjective
- adversus, -a, -um
- contrary, opposed
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nouns
- bona, -ōrum
- n. pl. goods
- cōpiae, -ārum
- f. pl. forces
- vīlla, -ae
- f. villa, country house
- lēgātus, -ī
- m. deputy, officer, envoy
- ferrum, -ī
- n. iron, sword
- partēs, partium
- f. pl. political party
- tot
- so many
- totiēns
- so often
adverb
- clam
- secretly
conjunction
- atque
- and
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Bellum cīvīle
paucis post diebus Quintus ubi ad Academiam advenit, epistolam invenit a Marco scripta:
- Marcus Cicero Quinto suo salutem dat.
- non diutius Athenis manebo, scholas audiens quas intellegere vix possum. tu scholas audis deofficis(duty), ego officium meum perficiam(to complete). libertas populi Romani ab Antonio oppugnatur. ego in Macedoniam procedo; in exercitu Bruti militabo. tu, si vir bonus es et fortis, idem facies(do the same). mox, ut spero(as I hope), te in Macedonia videbo; summo gaudio a me ibi accipiens(you will be received). interea cūrā ut valeās(see that you keep well).
Quintus hac epsistola valde commovētur(deeply moved). interea nuntiī semper peiores Roma afferuntur. Antonius Octavianusque inimici fiunt. Octavianus a Cecerone laudatur et in partes senatorum adducitur. exercitus ab Octaviano comparatur. denique Antonius copias suas in Galliam ducit atque ad bellum se parat. senatores, a Cicerone excitati(roused by), Antonium hostem populi Romani declaraverunt(declared); et consules et Octavianum contra eum meserunt(sent against him). ubi proelio(battle) concurrerunt, Antonius victus est et in Galliam Ulteriorem se recepit(took back), sed ambō(both) consules in proelio occisi sunt.
Octavianus igitur toti exercitui praeerat. ambitione adductus(lead by), legatos Romam misit; senatum iussit se consulem creare. ubi senatus hoc facere noluit(refused), Octavianus exercitum suum in Italiam duxit et Romam celerrime contendit(marched). senatores, adventu eius territi, inviti eī concesserunt(unwillingly gave in to him). Cicero de republica desperans(despair) in villam rusticam(country village) se recepit.
interea Octavianus Roma discesserat exercitumque velut(as though) in Antonium ducebat. proelium maximum ab omnibus exspectabatur(great battle was expected by everyone). sed ubi Octavianus propius accessit, constitit legatosque ad Antonium misit; duces constituerunt rem componere(to settle) non ferro sed verbis(not by iron, but by words). Antonius et Octavianus et tertius dux(leader), nomine Lepidus, clam convenerunt. foedus(treaty) faciunt; imperium Romanum inter se dividunt. legati Romam mittuntur(was sent) qui senatores iubent hunc triumviratum(triumvirate) lege constituere(to establish).
deinde triumviri Romam procedunt. urbs occupatur, senatores coguntur(compelled) omnia facere quae illi cupiunt. inimici triumvirorum proscribuntur(are proposed, outlawed); plurimi occiduntur bonaque eorum corripiuntur(seized).
Mors Cicerōnis
nemo Antonium vehementius(carried) oppugnaverat quam Cicero. Antonius ipse manum(band of) militum misit qui iussi sunt eum occidere(who were ordered to kill him). ille in villa manebat prope mare; ubi de adventu militum cognovit, temptavit in nave effugere. ventis tamen adversis repellebatur(winds however droven back to opposite side). tandem ad villam redire constituit; 'mortem obīdō(I shall meet)' inquit 'in patria(fatherland) quam saepe servavi.'
in lectīcā(a litter) ad villam ferebatur(striken), cum milites advenerunt. non restitit(he did not resist) sed cervicem(his neck) e lectica extendit(stretched out). illi caput gladiō(with sword) praecidunt(they cut off). tum(then) manus quoque(also) praeciderunt, quae tot(so many) orationes in Antonium scripserant. caput eius ad Antoniaum relatum inter duas manus in eis rostris affixum(attached) est in quibus(in which) Antonium tantā(great) eloquentia(eloquence) totiens(so often) oppugnaverat(attacked).
Grammar
Present, future and imperfect passive
| 3rd conjugation -iō verbs in parenthesis |
|
active |
present passive |
future passive |
imperfect passive |
| I |
-ō/m |
-(o)r |
-bor/-ar |
-(ē)bar |
| par-ō |
par-or |
parā-bor |
parā-bar |
| you |
-s |
-(e)ris |
-beris/-ēris |
-(ē)baris |
| parā-s |
parā-ris |
parā-beris |
parā-bāris |
| he/she |
-t |
-(i)tur |
-bitur/-ētur |
-(ē)bātur |
| para-t |
parā-tur |
parā-bitur |
parā-bātur |
| we |
-mus |
-(i)mur |
-bimur/-ēmur |
-(ē)bāmur |
| para-mus |
parā-mur |
parā-bimur |
parā-bāmur |
| you |
-tis |
-(i)mini |
-biminī/-ēminī |
-(ē)bāminī |
| para-tis |
parā-mini |
parā-biminī |
parā-bāminī |
| they |
-nt |
-(u)ntur |
-buntur/-entur |
-(ē)bantur |
| para-nt |
parā-ntur |
parā-buntur |
parā-bāntur |
Exercise
32.3 Translation
- cotidie nuntii peiores Venusiam Roma afferebantur. everyday peiores messages from Rome are afferebantur to Rome.
- Flaccus his rumoribus manopere commovebatur. Flaccus was being moved deeply greatly by this report.
- cum amicis intaberna sedebat, quibus nuntius novus nuper allatus erat. He sat at a pub with his friends who were lately allatus of this new message.
- Flaccus 'quid sentitis?' inquit. 'respublica in bellum civile iterum trahitur. nec ius nec leges valebunt.' Flaccus said, 'what do you feel? the republic is dragged into a civil war again. neither justice nor law is well.'
- Ganymedes 'noli te vexare,' inquit; 'Roma longe absumus; nos bello civili non vexabimur.' Ganymedes said, 'do not worry, We are far away from Rome. We are not worried by the civil war.'
- Flaccus 'noli nugas narrare,' inquit; 'tota Italia evertetur, immo totus orbis terrarum. Flaccus said, 'do not tell nonsense, the whole Italy shall be overturned, or rather the whole world.
- filius meus Athenis studet; in bellum a Bruto trahetur.' my boy studied in Athens. He was dragged to war by Brutus.'
- amici eum iusserunt meliora dicere; 'noli desperare, Flacce,' inquiunt; 'pax sine dubio servabitur; duces in concordiam adducentur.' his friends ordered to say something better; 'do not despair, Flaccus, peace will be saved without a doubt; leading to an agreement.'
- Flaccus tamen eis non credebat. his rumoribus semper vexabatur, propter quos et pro republica et pro filio suo timebat. Flaccus, however, did not believe him. he has always been annoyed of these rumors because he was afraid for republic and his son.
32.4 Passive form
- Brutus multos iuvenes Athenis in Macedoniam duxit. -> Multa iuveni in Macedonia a Bruto duxentur.
- Antonius patrem Marci occiderat. -> Pater Marci a Antonio occidetur.
- ego patris mei mortem vindicabo(I shall avenge) -> Pater meum mortus a mē vindicaetur.
- Brutus solus libertatem defendit. -> Libertas a Bruto solo defendetur.
- Bruti milites exercitum Antonii superabunt. -> Exercitus Antonii a Bruti militibus superabuntur.
- omnes cives et Brutum et milites eius laudabunt. -> Brutus et militis eius a omnibus civibus laudabuntur.
32.4 Translation
- Marcus was being led to a tavern by a friend. Marcus ad tabernam a amicum ducebatur.
- Suddenly someone called him; 'By whom was I called?' he said. subito aliquis eum vocavit. 'quo vocabitur?' inquixit.
- His friend replied: 'Look! You are being called by Brutus.' amicus eius respondit 'ecce, a Bruti voceris!'
- Marcus looked back and saw Brutus approaching. Marcus respexit Brutumque accessus vidit.
- Brutus greeted him and said, 'Marcus, are you willing to come with me to Macedonia?' Brutus eum salutavit et inquixit 'Marcus, volerisne mecum Macedoniam venire?
- If you fight with me for freedom, you will be praised by all.' sic mecum per liberum pugnis, a omnibus laudetur.'
- Marcus, greatly moved by these words, said, 'I will fight with you; for freedom is being defended by you alone.' Marcus, his verbibus magnopere commovebatur, inquxit, 'pugnam tecum, nam libertas a te soli defendetur.'
- Soon he had packed his things and was led by Brutus to Macedonia. mox rem eius componit et a Bruti Macedoniam ducebatur.
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