Vocabulary

verbs amō, -āre to love dēspērō, -ēre + dat. to despair placeō, -ēre + dat. mihi placet to please, it pleases me, to decide petō, -ere to seek, pursue, to make for perficiō, -ere to carry out

nouns animus, -i m. mind 'deus, deī m. god dea, deae f. goddess nūntius, -ī m. messenger, message oculus, -ī m. eye imperium, -ī n. order amor, amōris m. love hiems, hiemis f. winter

adjectives commōtus, -a, -um moved tantus, -a, -um so great trīstis, trīste sad fēlīx, fēlīcis lucky, happy īnfēlīx, īnfēlīcisunlucky, ill-starred

adverbs etiam even, also ibi there intereā meanwhile nunc now

prepositions ante + acc. before post + acc. after

conjunctions aut ... aut either ... or

Infēlīx Dīdō

ubi Aeneas fīnem dīcendī(end of speaking) facit, omnes taciti sedent. tandem Dido hospitēs(guests) dimittit. mox omnes dormiunt. sed Dido dormire non potest. per totam noctem Aeneam et labores Troianorum in animo volvit(turns over).

Aeneas et Troiani post tantos labores valde fessi sunt. eis placet in Liba manere et quiescere. interea Dido Aeneam amare incipit(begins); Aeneam semper spectat; Aeneam etiam absentem(absent, away) audit et videt. neque Aeneas amorem Didonis spernit(despises). per totam hiemem in Libya manet et Didonem iuvat, dum novam urbem aedificat.

sed rex deorum, Iuppiter, Aeneam de caelo spectat in Libya cessantem(lingering). iratus est quod Aeneas, fātī immemor(forgetful of his destiny), ibi manet. Mercurium, nuntium deorum, vocat et 'i nunc, Mercuri,' inquit, 'ad Libyam volā(fly). Aeneam iube statim ad Italiam navigare.'

Mercurius patris imperia perficere parat; tālāria induit(puts on his winged sandals) et de caelo in Libyam volat. Aeneam invenit arcem(citadel) aedificantem(building). ei accedit et 'audi me, Aenea,' inquit' 'ego sum Mercurius, deorum nuntius; Iuppiter, rex hominum et pater deorum, me mittit adte; me iubet haec(this) tibi dicere: noli diūtius(any longer) in Libya manere, fati immemor. statim ad Italiam naviga et novam Troiam ibi conde.'

Aeneas, ubi Mercurium ante oculos videt et monitum Iovis(warning of Jupiter) audit, territus est. non potest imperia deorum neglegere(neglect). ad comites redit et iubet eos naves parare.

sed Dido omnia cognōvit(has learnt); Aeneam arcessit(sends for) et 'perfide(traitor)' inquit, 'tune paras tacitus discedere a mea terra? sic amorem meum spernis(do you depise?)? sic me reliquis moritūram(doomed to die)?' ille penitus(deeply) commotus 'neque amorem tuum' inquit 'sperno nec tacitus abire parō(prepare). sed Iuppiter ipse(self) me iubet Italiam petere(seek) et novam Troiam ibi condere. Italiam non sponte(of my own will) peto,' tum vērō(then indeed) exardēscit(flares up) Didonis ira: 'ego te non retineō(hold back). ī nunc. Italiam pete. sed te moneō: poena dīra(terrible punishment) te manet(awaits); sērius ōcius(sooner or later) aut posteri ultiōnem(vengeance) tibi exigent(exact from you).' sic(like that) dicit et ad terram decidit exanimāta(in a faint)

Mors Dīdōnis

Aeneas tristis et commotus Didonem reliquit et redit ad comites. imperia deorum perficere debet. naves paratae sunt. postridie prīmā lūce(first light) Troiani naves solvunt(cast off).

Dido, ubi dies venit, ad mare spectat. naves Troianorum videt ad Italiam nāvigantēs(sailing). desperat. servōs(servants) iubet magnam pyram(pyre) exstruere(to build up). pyram ascendit. gladium(sword) capit et, dum omnes eam territi spectant, pectus(heart) trānsfīgit(pierces). illi, ubi Didonem mortuam vident, valde commoti sunt. reginam lūgent(mourn) et tristes pyram succendunt(light up). fūmus(smoke) ad caelum surgit(rise).

interea Aeneas, dum per mare festinat, ad Libyam respicit(look back). fumum videt in caelum surgentem(rising). 'quid videō?' inquit; 'cur fumus ad caelum sic surgit?' sed redire non potest. tristis et anxius Italiam petit.

Grammar

• Nominative subject of cluase; complement after the verb 'to be'
• Genitive = of
• Dative = to or for
• Accusative object of a transitive verb; after some prepositions (ad, per)
• Ablative = by, with, from(without preposition); used after certain prepositions(ā/ab, ē/ex, cum)
• Vocative used only in addressing or calling someone; order

• can be used without a complement, in which 'there is', 'there are' is neglected.
  • est pulchra puella in via There's a beautiful girl in the road.
  • sunt multi canes in agro There are many dogs in the field.
  • fortis estō, Quīnte Be brave, Quintus