Vocabulary

Lūdus Orbiliī

prima luce Flaccus Quintum excitavit. ille se lāvit(wash) et novam togam induit. pater filiusque in viam descenderunt et festinabant ad Orbilii ludum. Flaccus capsulam(satchel) Quinti manibus(in his hands) ferebat(carry) partesque paedagōgī(the role of tutor) agēbat(manage). celeriter conendērunt(walked) et ad ludum mox advenerant.

ianua aperta erat; intraverunt et Orbilium quaerebant. invenerunt eum in aulā(in the courtyard) sedentem(sitting). vir gravis(man of gravity) erat; longam barbam(beard) habebat vultumque sevērum; in manu ferulam(cane) gerebat. Flaccus accesst et 'ecce!' inquit, 'magister; filium meum Quintum ad te duco.' ille Quintum inspexit(look at) et 'veni huc, Quinte,' inquit, 'et pauca(few) mihi responde.'

Orbilius multa Quintum rogāvit(ask), primum de rēbus Rōmānis(Roman history); 'quis' inquit 'Romam condidit(found)? quis Tarquinium Superbum Roma expulit(drive out) quandō(when) Hannibal in Italiam invāsit?' et multa alia. Quintus facile respondere poterat. deinde Orbilius librum ei trādidit(hand over) iussitque eum legere; Quintus librum manibus(hands) accepit et facile eum legebat. Orbilius 'euge,(good)' inquit, 'puer bene legere potest.' deinde librum Graecē scrīptum(written in Greek) Quinto tradidit. Flaccus anxius erat; ad Orbilium processit; 'filius meus' inquit 'Graece nec dicere nec legere potest.' Orbilius attonitus(astonished) erat; 'quid?' inquit, 'quid? puer Graece nec dicere nec legere potest? debet statim litteras Graecas discere(learn). librum Quinto tradidit Graece scriptum et iussit eum omnes litteras celeriter discere.

ceteri pueri iam advenerant. Orbilius 'veni, puer,' inquit; 'tempus(time) est studēre(study).' Quintum in scholam(school room) duxit. ubi intraverunt, omnes pueri surrēxērunt magistrumque salutaverunt. ille Quintum in medium duxit et 'ecce, pueri,' inquit, 'novum discipulum vobis commendō(I introduce). nomen eī(his) est Quintus Horatius Flaccus. barbarus(a barbarian) est: Graece nec dicere nec legere potest.' omnes puerī rīdēbant. ille 'tacēte, pueri,' inquit. 'Quinte, ad angulum(corner) ī et litteras Graecas disce.' itaque(and so) Quintus in angulō scholae sedebat litterisque Graecis studebat. Orbilius ceteros Iliadem Homērī docēbat(taught); omnes Homērum facile intellegēbant(understood); omnes versūs Graecos rēctē recitābant. interdum(from time to time) puerorum quidam se vertit et nārēs fastīdiōsē corrūgāvit(turned up his nose disdainfully). Quintus valde miser erat; domum redire cupiēbat(wanted).

• Word-building: compounds of dō, dare, dedī to give
  • addō, addere, addidī I add
  • condō, condere, condidī I found (to give with)
  • crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī I believe, trust
  • dēdō, dēdere, dēdidī I give up, surrender
  • perdō, perdere, perdidī I lose, waste (give through)
  • prōdō, prōdere, prōdidī I betray (~ towards)
  • reddō, redere, redidī I give back, return
  • trādō, trādere, trādidī I hand over, trade

Quīntus miser est

dum Orbilius Illiadem Homeri ceteris expōnēbat(was explaining), Quintus in qngulo scholae litteris Graecis studebat. merīdiē(at midday) magister pueros dīmīsit(dismiss) et iussit eos in aulā(courtyard) paulīsper(for a little while) ludere. omnes laeti in aulam concurrerunt. dum ceteri ludebant, Quintus solus stābat(stayed); nemo cum eo ludebat, nemo ei quicquam(anything) dixit(dicere; said). tandem puer quidam ad eum accessit et 'noli desperare, Quinte,' inquit; 'Orbilius severus est, sed doctus(learned, clever). pueros ignāvōs(idle) severe pūnit(punishes); eum appellāmus plāgōsum(flogger) Orbilium. sed si diligenter studes, cōmis(friendly).' Quintus ei respondere volebat, sed eo ipso(itself) tempore Orbilius pueros in scholam revocavit.

post meridiem poetae latino studebant; Quintus aliquid(something) intellegere poterat. tandem Orbilius pueros dimisit. Quintus cum patre tristis ad Suburam redibat; 'o pater,' inquit, 'ceteri pueri magni et ingeniosi sunt; omnes Graece dicere possunt. ego parvus(small) et vix(scarcely) quicquam(anything) intellegere possum. et magister valde severus est.' ille 'noli desperare, care fili,' inquit; 'tu diligenter studere cupis. celeriter discēs(you will learn)

Graece et Rōma

• Greek discoveries: mathematics (Pythagoras), geometry (Euclid), astronomy (Ptolemy), science (Archimedes), natural history (Aristotle), art of speaking (Demosthenes), architecture and sculpture (Pheidias, Praiteles), philosophy (Plato), literature (Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Herodotus, Thucydides)
• Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit Captured Greece captured her wild conqueror
• Excerpt from Aeneid

Others (Greeks) will hammer out the bronze so that it breathes in softer lines, others will transform marble into living faces, will plead cases in the law courts with superior skill, will trace the movements of the planets with the rod and tell of the rising constellations. You, Roman, must bear in mind how to rule the peoples of the earth under your command (that will be your art), how to create peace and the civilization, how to spare those who submit and to beat down proud resisters.

Grammar

• Perfect stems of verbs

cadō, cadere, ce-cidī I fall 
canō, canere, ce-cinī I sing
currō, currere, cu-currī I run
dō, dare, de-dī I give
pellō, pellere, pe-pulī I drive
stō, stāre, ste-tī I stand

• most verbs drop reduplication in compounds

incido, incidere, incidī I fall into
incurrō, incurrere, incurrī I run into, run against

• compounds of dō and stō keep reduplication

reddō, reddere, reddidī I give back instō, instāre, institī I threaten, pursue

• 4th declension

Nouns of the 4th declension have stems in -u; decline like 3rd declension nouns, but u appears in all cases except the dative and ablative plural

exercitus, exercitūs m. army 
gradus, gradūs m. step 
cursus, cursūs m. course, race 
magistrātus, magistrātūs m. magistrate 
versus, versūs m. verse
vultus, vultūs m. face, expression 
tumultus, tumultūs m. riot 
manus, manūs f. hand
decline in all singular cases vultus sevērus, and -ēs in plural omnēs gradūs

Exercises

• 20.2 Translation

1. Horatia per silvam ambulābat; Argus domo discesserat; Horatia eum quaerebat.
2. Terentius ab agro redibat, cum puellae occurrit.
3. Terentius 'quid facis, Horatia?' inquit; 'cur domo discessisti?'
4. Horatia 'mater' inquit 'me misit (send). nam Argus in silvam cucurrit. diu eum quaero.'
5. Terentius 'noli te vexare (don't let yourself worry),' inquit; 'sine (without) dubio Argus iam domum rediit.'
6. domum ambulabant cum Horatia lapsavit (slipped) cecidit(fell)que ad terram.
7. puella clamavit; Argus eam audivit cucurritque e silvis.
8. puella canem laeta salutavit sed 'Arge, ' inquit, 'cur domo abiisti? malus canis es. me valde vexāvistī (worried).'

• 20.3 Conjugation

1. Quintus paterque a foro iam discessunt et procederunt ad Suburam.
2. viae sordidae var; ubique homines huc illuc cucurrivit.
3. Quintus patrem rogat: 'quo iit? ubi domicilium quarere debemus?'
4. pater respondit: 'noli desperare, fili. ad Suburam paene advenimus. illic sine dubio domicilium invenire poteramus.'
5. mox Quintus insulam videbat cuius (of which) porta aperta erat.
6. Flaccus filium in insulam duxit ianitoremque vocabat.
7. tandem ianitorem invenit; ille dormivit; ebrius erat; nam multum vinum bibebat.
8. Flaccus eum excitebat; ille 'nullum domicilium' inquit 'habebis vacuum.'

• 20.4 Translation

1. Flaccus led Quintus to the school of Orbilius. Flaccus Quintum ad ludus Orbili duxit.
2. Orbilius was sitting in the courtyard Orbilius aulae sedebat.
3. Flaccus greeted him and said, 'I have brought my son to you.' Flaccus eum salutavit inquitque 'filium meum eius duceram.'
4. Orbilius asked Quintus many things; Quintus could answer easily Orbilius Quintum multa rogavit. Quintus facile respondere poterat.
5. The other boys had now arrived and were playing near the door. Ceteri pueri iam advenerant ludebauntque prope ianuam
6. Orbilius was angry. 'Why are you playing?' he said; 'Why have you not entered the schoolroom?' Orbilius irata erat 'quid luditis' inquit 'quid scholae intrareratis?'

• 20.6 Translation

1. cives clamabant tumultumque facere parabant. Citizens shouted and prepared to do a riot
2. consul in gradibus templi stetit. consul stood on temple's steps
3. multi magistratus aderant, qui civium iram timebant. many magistrates arrived, who feared angry citizens
4. consul cives vultu severo spectabat. consul watched citizens' severe expressions
5. tandem manus sustulit orationemque ad populum habuit. At last, raised hand and had speech to people
6. cives tumultu destiterunt consulemque audiebant citizens ceased from riot and listened to the consul

• 20.7 Translation

1. Quintus was hurrying to school with his father. Quintus pqtremque ad ludum festinabat.
2. Flaccus was carrying his son's books in his hands. Flaccus filieius libri in manum eius portabat.
3. When they reached the school, Orbilius was waiting for them outside the door on the steps. ubi ludum advenerunt, Orbilius eos exspectabat, in gradibus extraianuam.
4. He looked at them with a severe expression. eos spectabat cum vultu severo.
5. 'Why are you arrived late, Quintus?' he said. 'You must write fifty verses.' 'quid sero aeveneras, Quinte? 'inquit 'quinquaginta versūs scribere debemus.