Vocabulary
verbs + infinitives possum, posse can, be able to exspectō, -āre to wait for servō, -āre to save timeō, -ēre to fear, to be afraidreddō, -ēre to return, to give back relinquō, -ere to leave behind vertō, -ere to turn coniciō, -ere to hurl
prepositions circum + acc. round ē/ex + abl. out of, from
nouns hasta, -ae f. spear porta, -ae f. gate mūrus, -i m. wall māter, mātris f. mother mors, mortis f. death
adjectives mortuus, -a, -um dead sōlus, -a, -um alone territus, -a, -um terrified incolumis, incolume safe, unharmed
adverbs bene well hīc here hūc (to) here, hither
conjunction -que and
Hector mortī
Achillés, ubi Patroclus mortuus est, eum diū lūget(mourns); Hectorem vidicāre(take vengeance on) cupit. redit ad pugnam et comites in Trōiānōs dūcit. illī, ubi Achillem vident, territī sunt; in urbem fugiunt. Hector sōlus extrā(outside) mūrōs manet.
pater Priamus, rēx Trōiae, et māter Hecuba eum vident ē mūrīs; fīlium vocant; Priamus clāmat: 'Hector, nōli Achillem in pugnam vocare; nōn potes eum vincere. urbem intrā; festīnā.' māter clāmat: 'fīlī care(dear), nōlī extrā mūrōs manēre; nōlī mortem obīre(go meet); māter tua misera tē ōrat(to beg).'
sed Hector eos nōn audit; urbem intrāre nōn vult(refuses). Trōiānōs vocat et 'portās claudite, Trōiānī,' inquit; 'festīnāte. ego sōlus maneō extrā mūrōs et Achillem ad pugnam voco.'
Trōiānī invītī(unwillingly) portās claudunt. Hector sōlus Achillem exspectat. ille propius(nearer) accēdit. tum(then) Hector subito timer(afraid). tergum(back) vertit et fugit.
Achilēs celeriter currit sed eum capere nōn potest. ter(three times) circum mūrōs fugit Hector, sed tandem resistit; sē vertit (he turns around) et Achillem in pugnam vocat. ille prōcēdit et hastam(spear) in Hectorem conicit(hurl). sed Hector hastam vītat(avoids). deinde(then) Hector hastam conicit et Achillis parmam percutit. sed Achillēs incolumis(unharmed) est; nam(for) parma eum servat(saves).
deinde Achillēs hastam summā vi (with all his might) conicit; volat(flies) hasta per auram(through air) et Hectorem trānsfīgit(pierces). ille ad terram cadit(falls) mortuus.
accurrit Acchillēs et dīrum facinus(a terrible deed acc.) facit. Hectorem mortuum ad currum(chariot) alligat(ties) et circum mūrōs trahit(drags). pater et māter ē mūrīs spectant. Hecuba clāmat: 'ō Achillēs,' inquit, 'tandem ab īra dēsiste(cease from); fīlium nōbīs(to us) redde.' sed Achillēs eam nōn audit; Hectorem ad nāvēs trahit et eum relinquit(leave behind) in terrā iacentem(lying).
Word-building
- cēn-a = dinner; cēn-ō = I dine
- pugn-a = war; pugn-ō = I fight
- vōx, vōc-is = voice; voc-ō = I call
- rēx, rēgis = king; reg-ō = I rule(?)
- laus, laud-is = praisal(?); laud-ō = I praise
- dux, duc-is = leader(?); dūc-ō = I lead
- labor, labōr-is = laborer; labōr-ō = I work
The ransom of Hector
diu mater filium mortuum lūget(mourns); diu luget Andromache uxor(wife) Hectoris; diu luget Priamus. tandem, ubi nox(night) venit, Priamus ex urbe exit et solus ad Graecōrum(of the Greeks - dative) naves procedit. deus(god) mercurius eum ducit per vigilēs(guards) Graecorum. tandem ad Achillis tabernāculum(Achilles' tent) advenit; intrat et Achillem salutat; ad terram prōcumbit(bows down) et 'ō Achilles, te ōrō(I beg),' inquit; 'tandem ab ira desiste(cease from) et filium mortuum ad matrem miseram remitte.'
Achilles, ubi Priamum videt, atonitus(astonished) est. misericordiā(by pity) commōtus est(is moved); Priamum ē terra tollit(lifts up, raise). filium moruum reddit et patrem ad urbem Troiam incolumem(safe) remittit.
Grammar
Imperatives
for giving orders
- ad agrum festīnā hurry to the field!
- in casā manē stay in the house!
- magistrum audī listen to the master!
| infinitive | par'āre | monēre | regere | -io capere | audīre |
| imperative singular | parā prepare | monē warn | regē rule | cape take | audi hear |
| imperative plural (-te) | parāte | monēte | regite | capite | audīte |
Prepositions
| followed by the accusative | followed by the ablative |
| ad to, towards | ā/ab from (ā before consonants, ab before vowels) |
| in into, onto | cum with |
| per through | ē/ex out of, from (ē before consonants, ex before vowels) |
| circum round | in in, on |
| prope near | |
Compound verbs
- mittō I send: immittō I send into; ēmittō I send out.
- dūcō I lead: addūcō I lead to; ēdūcō I lead out; indūcō I lead into
- convocō I call together; conveniō I come together
- -que = and
- māter paterque mother and father
- Scintilla casam init cēnamque parat Scintilla goes into the house and prepares dinner.
Exercieses
- celerīter invenite, pueri, et sedēte.
- venī hūc, Decimus, tuam tabulam spectāre cupiō.
- labora diligenter, Julia; nolī ludere.
- diligenter laboramus, magister; itaque fabulam nōbis nārrare.
- fabulam audite, pueri, et nōlīte clāmāre.
- Quīntus ad lūdum cum amīcīs accēdit.
- magister puerōs prope iānum lūdī exspectat.
- ubi puerōs videt, eōs in lūdum vocat.
- tandem puerōs dīmittit; illī laetī ā lūdō domum festīnant.
- Quīntus et Horātia ad agerum festīnant.
- ubi accēdunt, Argus eōs videt et ex agerō currit.
- pueri cibum ad patrem portant.
- ille in terrā sedet et cibum cōnsūmit.
- Quīntus in agerō manet; Horātia cum Argō domum redit.
- ubi Scintilla fīliam videt, ē casa exit et eam salūtat.
- Mane in agrō, Scintilla, mēque iuva, sed Horātia domum remittit.
- Nolī mē domum remittere; manere et laborare cum mātre cupio.
- itaque omni manent et in agrō laborent.
- Quīntus, ubī ā ludō redīt, ad agrum festīnat.
- Ad patrem currit et inquit, "cupīo tu iuvare. quid ducere possum?"
