Vocabulary

verbs habitō, -āre live, dwell ōrō, -āre pray, beg quaerō, -ere to ask, seek quiēscō, -ere to rest tollō, -ere to lift, raise

adjective prīmus, -a, -um first

adverbs prīmum first vix scarcely

nouns nauta, -ae m. sailor silva, -ae f. wood unda, -ae f. wave caelum, -ī n. sky, heaven perīculum, -ī n. danger saxum, -ī n. rockverbum, -i n. word clāmor, clāmōris m. shout homō, hominis c. man, human being lītus, lītoris n. shore mare, maris n. seamōns, montis m. mountain

prepositions dē + abl. down from sub + abl. under

Polyphēmus

Aenēās et Trōiānī nāvēs cōnscendunt; ab urbe Trōiā in terrās ignōtās nāvigant. diū terram quaerunt ubi novam Trōiam condere possunt; multōs labōres, multa pericula subeunt(undergo); saepe(often) daespērat(despair) Aenēās. tandem cōnstituunt(decide) ad Italiam nāvigāre. 

sed ubi ad Siciliam accēdunt(approach), magnum perīculum vix(scarcely) vītant(avoid) nam saxa vident ubi habitat Scylla, mōnstrum(monster) horribile, et sonitum(sound) ingentem(huge) audiunt verticis(of the whirlpool) ubi Charybdis undaas ēvomit(spew out). pater Anchises magnā voce(in a loud voice) clāma: 'fugite; nāvēs ē perīculō ēripite(snatch, rescue); nam in illīs saxīs habitat Scylla.' Aenēās patris verba audit et saxa vītat(avoid). sīc vix incolumēs(unharmed by) ē perīculō ēvādunt. 

ubi ad Siciliam veniunt, montem Aetnam vient; nāvēs ad terram dīrigunt(steer) et sub noctem(towards nightfall) ad laitus īnsulae adveniunt. sub monte in lītore quiēscunt. mōns Aetna per noctem tonat(thunders); flammās(flames) et saxa in caelum prōicit. Trōiānī territī sunt et ānxiī diem exspectant. 

festīnant nāvēs cōnscendere cum hominem vident, quī ad lītus currit. Trōiānōs vocat; accurrit ad eōs et 'servāte(save) mē,' inquit, 'vōs(accusative you) ōrō(I beg). ego Graecus sum, comes(comrade of) Ulixis. cēterī fūgērunt. ego sōlus maneō. fugite(flee), miserī, fugite. Cyclōpēs hīc habitant, gigantēs immānēs(enormous giants), quī hominēs edunt(eat). nōlīte mē Cyclōpibus trādere(trade). servāte(help) mē, accipite(accept) mē in nāvem.' 

subitō Trōiānī Polyphemum vident, gigantem ingentem. ille ovēs(sheep) dē monte dūcit. caecus(blind) est; lentē dēscendit; in viā saepe lāpsat(slips). Aenēās territus est. 'currite ad nāvēs,' inquit; 'festīnāte!' Trōiānī comitem Ulixis accipiunt et fugiunt ad nāvēs. 

Polyphēmus iam ad lītus advenit et in mare prōcēdit. Troianos vidēre nōn potest sed audit eōs rēmigantēs(rowing). clāmorem(shout) ingentem tollit(raise). cēterī Cyclōpēs clāmōrem audiunt et currunt dē montibus ad lītus. saxa ingentia(huge) in nāvēs coniciunt; sed Troiani iam ē lītore rēmigant. Cyclōpēs eōs contingere(reach) nōn possunt. 

• Word building
  • currō: incurrō, accurrō (= ad-currō), concurrō, recurrō, dēcurrō
  • veniō: adveniō, reveniō, conveniō

Grammar

Neuter nouns and adjectives

• no neuter nouns of the 1st declension. -ā all feminine
• 2nd declension neuter nouns end in -um
  • bellium war

ex.> caelum, imperium, cōnsilium(plan), perīculum, verbum, saxum

• 3rd declension neuter nouns have various endings in nominative
  • lītus shore stem: lītor-

ex.> flūmen(river), nōmen, tempus(time)

• Exceptions - few have stems in -i
  • mare stem: mari-

Adjectives

• for most 3rd declension adjectives

Exercises

• 10.1 accusative, genitive, ablative cases

1. puer fortis -> puerum fortem, puerī fortīs, puerō fortī
2. multa saxa -> multa saxa, multorum saxorum, multibus saxis
3. puellae trīstēs -> puellas tristes, puellarum tristium, puellis tristibus
4. magnum periculum -> magnum periculum, magni periculi, magno periculo
5. silvae ingentēs -> silvas ingentes, silvarum ingentium, silvis ingentibus
6. nāvis celer -> navem celerem, navis celeris, nave celeri
7. altus mōns -> altum montem, alti montis, alto monte
8. omnia verba -> omnia verba, omnium verborum, omnibus verbis

• 10.4 translation

1. tandem Troianos advenunt in Sicilia et quiescunt in litore.
2. sed eos in magni periculi; mont Aetna conicit gigantem saxem in caelum.
3. subito Aeneas Polyphemum videt; commites inquit, currite admarem navemque conscendete.
4. Troiani verbam Aeneae audiunt et ad navem curritiunt.
5. Polyphemus eos audit, sed videre non potest.
6. Troiani incolume sunt; nam iuvat navigunt in marem apertum.