Vocabulary

Quintus ad Graeciam navigat

magister, cui Flaccus viāticum(fare) iam tradiderat, Quintum in navem vocavit. Flaccus, cuius oculi lacrimis pleni erant, ad Quintum se vertit; 'vale, fili carissime,' inquit; 'cum primum ad Graeciam adveneris, epistolam ad nos scribe dei te servābunt(save); nam puer bono ingenio es.' Quintus, patrem complexū(in his embrace) tenēns(holding). 'valē, care pater,' inquit; 'hoc promitto; cum primum ad Graeciam advenero, epistolam longissimam vobis scribam in qua omnia narrabo de itinere. et tu, cum Venusiam redieris, matri et Horatiae et Argo salutem plurimam dā. si deis placebit, vos omnes mox videbo.'

Flaccus se vertit et sine mora e portu festinavit. Quintus eum spectabat abeuntem. deinde navem cōnscedit(boarded). nautae, quibus magister signum dederat(surrendered), nāvem solvērunt. ubi ad apertum mare advenerunt, vēla sustulērunt(raised sails). Quintus, qui in puppe(stern) navis stabat, ad litus respiciēbat(looked back), futūrōrum īnscius(ignorant of the future); nec patrem nec matrem nec sororem umquam(ever) posteā vīsūrus(going to see afterwards) erat.

iter quod Quintus inibat longum et difficile fuit. totum litus Italiae praetervectī(having sailed past), tandem ad Siciliam advenerunt et per fretum Siciliēnse(the straits of Messina) navigaverunt; ibi a dextra habitaverat Scylla, quae comites Ulixis rapuerat(seized) vivōsque ēderat(ate alive); a sinistra Charybdis fuerat, vertex(whirlpool) terribilis, qui Ulixem ipsum paene dēvōrāverat(nearly had swallowed down). Quintus montem Aetnam procul cōnspexit(caught sight from far) flammas in caelum proicientem; Aeneam Troianosque in animum(mind) revocavit, quos Cyclops paene ceperat.

inde(from there) per apertum mare ad Graeciam navigabant; nulla terra iam in conspectu erat; ubique caelum, ubique mare. subito venti crēscunt; undae(waves) māiōres fiunt; nūbēs caelum obscūrant(darkened). navis maximo in periculo erat; viatores flebant deosque orabant. nautae ipsi dēspērābant mortemque timebant.

sed magister, qui prōram(prow, ship's front) in tempestātem(storm) vertit, navem servavit. mox venti cadunt(fell) undaeque minōres(small) fiunt. omnes gratias deis reddiderunt quod e tempestate incolumnes ēvāserant(escaped safely).

reliquum iter sine periculo confecerunt decimōque diē(for ten days) ad Pīraeum, portum Athenarum, advenerunt.

Quīntus Athēnās advenit

navis tandem ad mōlem(pier) religāta(moored, tied) est; Quintus in terram exiit festinavitque ad urbem, cupiēns(willing to) ante noctem eō advenire. vesper iam aderat cum ad agoram(the agora, city center) advenit, sed lūna lucebat, quae Acropolim(accusative case of Acropolis) illuminabat. diu omnia spectabat; Parthenōna(accusative case of Parthenon) videre poterat, templum nobilissimum deae Athēnae, et multa alia monumenta de quibus in libris saepe legerat.

tandem ad caupōnam(inn) rediit et epistolam scripsit, sīcut(just as) patri promiserat:

Greek Chronology

• 1250 BC Fall of Troy; Achaeans' triumph shortlived into a dark age
• 8th cent. BC Rebirth of the arts and writing
• 507 BC City democracy invented by Cleisthenes
• 480 BC Persian invasion, Battle of Thermopylae
• 404 BC Peloponnesian war between Sparta and Athens
• 338 BC Unification by Philip II of Macedonia
• 323 BC Death of Alexander the Great; the beginning of Hellenistic age centered around Alexandria, Egypt
• Greece becomes Roman province of Achaea after second Punic war

Grammar

Relative clauses

Relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent(word it refers to) in gender and number, but not case

Exercises

28.1 Translation

1. Flaccus, qui filium valere iusserat, Romam rediit. Flaccus who ordered farewell to his son, returned to Rome.
2. epistolam scripsit quam uxori statim misit. He wrote a letter which was sent to wife.
3. Flaccus omnia quae Romae acciderant Scintillae narravit. Flaccus told Scintilla of everything that happened in Rome.
4. Horatia tabellario occurrit, qui epistolam ei dedit. Foratia ran into a postman, who gave her a letter.
5. Scintilla, cui Horatia epistolam tradidit, eam celeriter perlegit. Scintilla, whom Horatia gave a letter to, quickly read through.
6. mater Horatiae narravit ea quae scripserat Flaccus. Mother told Horatia those which Flaccus wrote.
7. Horatia amicis quibuscum ludebat totam rem exposuit. Horatia explained everything to a friend whom she plays with.
8. amici, quorum parentes rem cognoscere cupiebant, omnia eis dixerunt quae audiverant. Friends whose parents want to know things, told everything.
9. sic brevi tempore omnes Venusini omnia cognoverant quae scripserat Flaccus. Thus, in short time, all Venusians knew what Flaccus wrote.

28.2 Relative pronoun

1. Quintus, qui in littore stabat, navem spectabat.
2. pater, cuius oculi lacrimis pleni erant, filium valere iussit.
3. iter quod Quintus inibat longissimum erat.
4. nautae quem Quintus spectabat, navem solvere parabant.
5. nautae cui magister imperia dederat, navem solverunt.
6. navis in qua ad Graeciam navigabat non magna erat.
7. multi viatorum quisbuscum Quintus colloquium faciebat valde anxii erant.
8. Quintus tempestatem, quae ceteros terrebat, non timuit.

28.4 Translation

1. The captain, to whom Flaccus had given the money, called Quintus into the ship. magister cui Flaccus argum dat. Quinitum in navem vocavit.
2. The ship, which the sailors had cast off, proceeded slowly out of the harbor. Navis, quae nautae solverunt, e portu lente prcedibat.
3. Quintus approached two passengers who were standing in the stern. Quintus dues viatorem quos in puppe stabat.
4. One passenger with whom Quintus was talking was travelling to puteoli. Alter viator, quocum Quintus colloquium facebat, Puetolli iterum faciebat.
5. The other, whose parents lived in Greece, was returning home. Alter viator, cuius parentes Graeciam habitabant, domum redibat.